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Showing posts with label Beliefs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Beliefs. Show all posts

02 November, 2015

19th Annual War On Christmas

Commentary copyright by Joshua Michail, 2015
It was only the day after Halloween that I saw this meme pop-up on Facebook. I decided to add some fun loving thought-provoking rebuttal to the absurdity of the contrived "War On Christmas". Apparently, Thanksgiving and New Year's Eve are not holidays for Christians and that must be why they take so much offense when people say "Happy Holidays".

Please feel free to share this post.


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My book "To Make a Better World" would make a great gift and is available in paperback & eBook, here:
amazon.com/dp/1512115894

31 October, 2015

Good Without God

I recently came across a picture on Facebook which someone posted that implied atheists are more likely to be immoral because we don't believe in god. This is a malicious myth, of which everyone needs to be disabused. 

Please feel free to share this post to help raise awareness, thanks.

I discuss this issue in my book "To Make a Better World" available in paperback and eBook here:
amazon.com/dp/1512115894

Commentary copyright 2015 by Joshua Michail





13 October, 2015

Don't Jump to Conclusions!

Copyright 2015 by Joshua Michail.
I discuss skepticism in my book "To Make a Better World" in the chapter on Critical Thinking and Science. Available in paperback and eBook here: www.amazon.com/dp/1512115894




06 July, 2015

Confederates, Patriots, and Irony



This is my first YouTube video, check it out and watch for more videos from me. Share it if you agree, and tell me your thoughts.

Copyright 2015, by Joshua Michail.

16 June, 2015

Jesus Damns the Figs!

When I have Christian friends over, I make certain to not put figs on the table out of respect for their religious dietary laws. I even read their holy book in anticipation of their peculiarities. 

Share this post with your friends if you agree. And, check out my book HERE.
Joshua Michail, 2015

12 June, 2015

The Principle Directives

If you agree with these ideas, please share with your friends. What are your thoughts?

Separate from morality and ethics, if one generally applies these principles in one's life it would help one to develop and maintain good character.

From the chapter Principle Directives in my book -- To Make a Better World: The handbook for good secular living in the modern era.




http://www.amazon.com/dp/1512115894

02 June, 2015

On the Beauty of Sex.

Image source unknown.
Why do we have such a problem with “slut” shaming? Why are women expected to wait for someone to approach them about sex? Why do all too many women expect a knight in shining armor to rescue them from the ivory tower? Why do we feel guilty for our sexual urges? There are many various attitudes toward the subject of sex. Unfortunately, the more common ones are detrimental to individual health and happiness. Of those, many are even a handicap to society, and more importantly to the individual. As I had written in my previous essay on this subject – Sex; Attitude and Greatness, back in 2012, a very large part of sex boils down to attitudes. The reality is that sex is mostly mental, and only partly physical. Of course, that's not to ignore, exactly, the physical part of it, without which sex wouldn't be possible. But, even touching, kissing, etcetera are stimulation of nerve endings, which send signals up the nervous system to the brain, where the action is interpreted and understood. In that way, even the physical is largely mental. My point here, however, is about how we think of sex. We all have some expectations, some preferences and desires, we even have beliefs outside of sex that influence how we think of sex. More importantly, these attitudes and beliefs all affect our enjoyment of sex.


Some people might disagree with me about what I'm about to say, mostly the religious, I'm sure. If there's anything that is universally true about sex it's this – sex is natural and one of the most beautiful experiences of life. In fact, we could say life is ultimately all about sex, after all, most organisms struggle to survive long enough to reproduce. It's almost as if that is it the point of life. Worse still, for most organisms this struggle is paramount and not enjoyed, rather it's only the fulfillment of an undeniable instinct. Sex is ultimately an endless fight for survival. It is a fight, first for the organism, to obtain a mating partner. This often leads to fights between two or more competing animals, like rams locking horns to determine a winner. Those rams are not just trying to win the battle, they're trying to win the mating partner. This is part of the process of evolution. Nearly everyone has heard of – and most people understand – natural selection, the process in which as creatures evolve the traits that don't hinder an animal's survival can be passed on to the next generation if it reproduces. But, the male peacock's elaborate and beautiful tail patterns, just like the ram's horns and ability to win the fight with other rams, is sexual selection. In the process of sexual selection the evolution is driven by development of traits that make an animal more attractive to potential mating partners. The male peacock's tail feather patterns serve no function to help it survive, but they do help it obtain female peacocks to have sex with, and thus produce young peacocks with his genetics. The ram's horns are not particularly useful for his daily survival either, he doesn't use them to get food, and most likely doesn't use those horns to defend against predators. The ram's horns more-or-less only help it to win the fight for dominance for the sole purpose of mating. Just a little aside – sexual selection and natural selection are not mutually exclusive forces in the process of evolution. I thought I'd add that point in case anyone did not already know, we all know there are too many misconceptions out there.

Images of ancient fertility goddesses, sources unknown.

But don't think that evolution, or nature, is sexist because females often also develop traits that help them obtain mates. Nature often favors in the females greater ability to produce offspring or to provide for them. So, while it may not seem as obvious when we look at the various species, sexual selection does happen in females too. If a female can produce numerous offspring the species is more likely to survive. If the female can be more attached to her young, the species has a better chance at being continued because the young have a better chance at achieving sexual maturity thanks to mother's help is surviving to adulthood. This means that female forms often have been selected by males for what seems to be a greater ability to raise young to maturity or produce more young. In human females, for example, broader hips are instinctively perceived as a desirable trait. People have even demonstrated an intuition regarding a woman's hip and sexual selection when they say: “That woman has child-bearing hips!” Likewise, the breasts of human women has evolved do to sexual selective pressures, since the roundness of the buttocks has become less obvious and constantly displayed when we began walking upright, the breasts began becoming bigger and rounder and more noticeable. While the butt is visible from behind, it's not visible from the front – where it happens that the breasts are to be found. When males have a choice in mates, a female with the traits that seem most desirable is most likely to get a mate. While sexual selection is usually geared toward greater strength and ability to survive in males, in females it's usually geared toward greater ability to reproduce and care for the young. Either way, all species select for the best chances that the species will long endure.


The process of evolution has long been at work in humans, as well. And sexual selection has also been a very potent influence on humanity, even to this day. One example is the average size of the human penis. Over a very long time, millions of years in the transitional species from which humans evolved, and in humans for around one hundred fifty thousand years, females have chosen to mate with males who had more desirable penises. So, straight ladies, whatever your thought about human penises you can thank, or blame, your ancient women ancestors. But, males have also influenced the evolution of the female human body. Broader hips have long psychologically suggested a greater ability to birth children. Broad hips have long been seen by many ancient men as a sign of fertility. It's true that breasts on women evolved in part because the round rump, which is seen in many mammalian species as a sort of sexual lure for males, are not as clearly visible when the female is seen from the front because we walk upright, but there's another possible not-mutually-exclusive reason. Larger breasts have long been seen by our ancient male ancestors as a sign of a woman's greater ability to nourish children. And, obviously, well-nourished children have a greater chance of growing up to be healthy adults who can pass the family genes on to another generation. Men have preferred these features over such a long time that the average woman's body is shaped as it is now. Psychology is a science that can help us better understand sex, and not just in understanding how humans have evolved due to sexual selection.


In all these things about us humans, psychology explores us and explains us. A few things follow here as an example. Women have long found a man's wealth to be key factor in determining his attractiveness, though most claim otherwise. It does make sense that historically there's been an evolutionary reason for this. A partner who can provide for the children will, naturally, mean children who will grow up healthier and be able to continue the species. However, things have changed. Women in many societies around the globe now work. And many of them are able to provide for their children without relying on a man's wallet. The man's wealth is becoming less valid as a factor for attraction. Likewise, starting with the harvesting of milk from cows and sheep and continuing with the invention of baby formula, a woman's breast size has been less valid as a factor for determining a woman's attractiveness. The fact is that we carry many legacies of our evolution in our current attitudes about sex. Much of these attitudes are have outlived their usefulness to the species. Of these outdated attitudes, some are harmless, but some are really quite detrimental.


Puritanical views have long perverted and permeated American views on sex, and to a lesser degree much of western views, as well. Pervasive in western culture is the Christian view that sex is not beautiful, but rather “sinful” and “dirty” – and much of this is true of Islam, as well. The idea that sex is some kind of disgusting thing that should only be done in the context of marriage is traditional among the most conservative of people. Why should this be? Because, the archaic view expressed by the early fathers of Christianity is that sex only exists to cause there to be more Christian souls to go out and dominate the globe. This is also true of most religions. Today religions continue to dominate our culture with their self-serving beliefs about controlling people, with unnecessary shame and guilt and fear. Now, one might think that promoting promiscuous sex would have been more effective at enlarging the ranks of the religious, but they had a reason against that. They wanted to make sure that the children were ensured to be members of the particular religion. If the children were born to unwed parents the children could be taken to any church or any religion. It served the religion's need to control its members and and to grow the religion's numbers, but there was another reason for sex being limited to marriage only. It actually mattered in terms of inheritance and family lines. Such restrictions were meant to ensure that a man's property would be inherited by his actual child rather than some other man's child. With a marriage, there was a recognized social contract between the man and woman involved, and it meant that there was a legal setting for the estate distribution. Again, today these things are less relevant. With the invention of DNA testing we can now conclusively prove a child's parents, further a person can choose to leave his or her estate to anyone or any group named in a legally-binding document called a will. The religious reasoning is something that can't be justified in the modern era.


Image source unknown.
Monogamy is not natural, exactly. It's true that for the survival of our species, since children require around 15 years to reach maturity pair-bonding of the parents served this interest. We evolved to form family units in which the father and mother cooperated to provide for and protect the young. I say fifteen years, but that's arguable, give or take a few years. The point is that it takes many years before a young human would be able to survive without parents taking care of him or her. Still, we evolved societies into which we live for all our lives, and which continue the benefits we gained as a child from having parents and family working together. But, at odds with this pair-bonding trait we evolved is another evolutionary trait found in both men and women. This is a trait that is so powerful that it's the underlying force making marital infidelity actually a fairly common occurrence. In males, of most species, the ability to spread the genetic code to create as many offspring as possible has been a great force in ensuring the survival of a species. Ours is no exception to that fact. In females, particularly in humans, there evolved a tendency to find a mate to bond with who can provide well, but to seek to reproduce with other males who have more desirable physical traits. A woman is predisposed biologically, by evolution, to settle down with the man who has wealth, but to have affairs with men who seem to be more fit and healthy. In either case, our species evolutionary legacy is conflicted and neither trait is ethically better or worse than the other. These just are the facts about our evolution and our nature. So, this leads to a problem. How do we reconcile our enlightenment and our nature to best suit ourselves? As long as we deny our nature we will find ourselves less happy and healthy than we can and ought to be.


The fact that there are women who want to silently suffer a mediocre experience is saddening and ultimately self-destructive. The idea of putting up with not getting the most out of sex because of not wanting to disappoint will backfire. It's true that many younger people, with their tremendous amounts of inexperience, are more prone to not communicate properly, but they need to be encouraged to communicate. Fundamentally, by trying to please one's partner by not offering instruction and not communicating, one is building resentment and frustration in oneself and one's partner. Also, when one discovers one's partner has not been fully engaged it most certainly is a serious disappointment and ruins the experience. By doing this, some women are causing two people to become resentful of the woman in question, herself and her partner. The notion of quietly accepting poor performance needs to be put to an end. Though it may be true of some men, it is almost exclusively, in this issue, women causing their own problem. I believe this condition is largely due to archaic notions that still afflict us. Even today, popular culture suggests women are supposed to be submissive and to use sex as a tool instead of enjoying it for their own pleasure. So many socializing forces, such as many women's magazines and romance movies and fairy-tales still perpetuate the destructive narrative and bad advice.


If women try experimenting with themselves, and then have completely honest and straightforward talks with their partners about what works for them, then sex would likely be far more enjoyable for most. It seems that many women have some kind of hang-up about both masturbating and about communicating with their partners. That's not to say that there aren't guys who don't listen, of course there are, but there's also no reason for a woman to assume that sex can't be great, or better. Most guys really do want to satisfy their partners, and no one is a mind-reader. In fact, no one, of either gender, is a mind-reader. No one can know things that are not told to them. And, it is unreasonable and inexcusable to continue to behave as if it's fair to expect people to be more than who and what they are. It's unjust to think that one's partner should live up to and perform like the fantasies that have been implanted by corporate interests like Hollywood and molded by corrupt influences like the Puritan church of hundreds of years ago. I believe it is high-time we as a species move into the modern era – we need to evolve out of the stagnate cesspit of the out-dated misconceptions. This is only going to happen as we continue to challenge the standard, and help to enlighten others.


Image Copyright 2015 by Joshua Michail.
Sex is the most beautiful thing people can do with each other, intimately. Sex, however, is not love. Love and sex can and do often go together, but one ought not to confuse these two separate things. Many people believe that sex with someone they love is beautiful, and they're not wrong, but sex is beautiful even without love. In a way, sex gets a bad rap on that regard, because many people ignore the fact that love is separate from sex. But, I blame religion for that, and many more mental handicaps. Religion must be expelled from the bed sheets. The single greatest toxin to humanity and to sex is religion. The fact that people feel guilt for doing and enjoying a natural and beautiful thing is something that religion alone has foisted upon us. If we are half as wise as we like to think our species to be, we must change our ways. We can no longer afford to pretend that we are not what we are. Our concepts of marriage romantic relationships must change, we ought to embrace our nature. We can, of course continue to marry the ones we love, but we should expect and embrace the fact that sex is not and never has been and never will be confined to marriage. We must accept that we could forge a new model, the family remains, but why not have multiple wives for each man and multiple husbands for each woman? Why not accept polyamory? After all, not only do we naturally desire more than one partner for the rest of our lives, in regards to sex, but we are perfectly capable of loving more than one partner at the same time. We must also embrace the rights of women to be equal to men, including in their sex lives. Why should we look upon a woman who enjoys sex as someone to be shamed? It's a shame on us if we continue this “slut shaming”. We must not interfere with women as they pursue their sexual satisfaction as they see fit, and embrace the happiness this brings not only those women, but also ourselves as a society. We must shed the severe hindrances that make life less happy. 


Copyright © 2015, by Joshua Michail
 All Rights Reserved.
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26 April, 2015

To Make A Better World - Excerpt #6

I will be publishing my book -- To Make A Better World -- on the 30th of April, 2015. That's later this week, Thursday to be precise! So here is the final teaser excerpt from my book, and it's a "two-for". You will be able to get your eBook copy through Amazon.com. Be sure to share this excerpt far and wide, enjoy, tell me your thoughts and, thanks.
Image Copyright, 2015, by Joshua Michail
FROM: To Make A Better World; The handbook for good secular living in the modern era.
 This excerpt -- #6 -- from two chapters: FROM: "Morality & Secularity" and FROM: "Honor in this Modern Age". 
(NOTE: ellipses indicate skipped content.)
We are moral. At least as far as it being a part of being human goes. Of course, there are some who are not. But, mostly we are moral. The fundamental point is that since morality is the evolved trait that helps our species work together for our mutual benefit, logically it is not only the religious who are moral. That is a sort of birthright of our species. Morality is a defining feature of us. This, alone, would be good enough to say we can be good without god. But, religions are actually, in and of themselves, corrosive to morality. The first problem is that they demand one place the supposed deity above everyone else. This is contradictory to what works for a community.
I don't want to hear excuses about how someone else is behaving badly. You are responsible for yourself. No other person is responsible for what you say or do. Firstly, one should understand that whether or not other people behave morally must in no way influence whether one behaves morally him or her self. We are all responsible for our own actions and words. No individual can rationally justify his/her behavior on account of another. The greater good is achieved by the accumulation of individual acts of good deeds. 
As Robert F. Kennedy had said: “Some people see things as they are and say, 'why?' I dream of things that never were and say, 'why not?'” But society can never be improved without the benevolent actions of individuals. The argument against behaving properly that so many others are not also behaving properly is flawed. Easily rebutted with something like “If everyone else were jumping off a cliff, should you as well?” If every person were to excuse him or her self from being ethical and moral on the imagined pretense that no one else is then no good change in the society can happen.
I'd say that without morals a person is just an animal and dishonors himself/herself, one has no dignity without a strong self discipline. This doesn't mean that we need religion or spirituality. No moral code worthy of the human intellect could come from religion, but rather from an honest respect for one's fellow people. So that those who would think everything is permitted because they've shed the chains of delusion, are in fact no better than those who remain chained in slavery to the dogma of cult leaders. For, however liberating it certainly is and however noble it is to see the light and walk out of that cave of perverse corruption that charlatans will push, we are not honorable nor dignified when we mistreat others, when we make ourselves lawless brutes. When we fail to discipline ourselves, to abandon ourselves the to the animal within, we become unworthy of any respect. When we fail to maintain inside ourselves a compass, not given from out of the archaic ethers but rather from our fellowship of humanity and our empathy, we make ourselves deserving of the receiving back the abuses that we give. . . .
Ethics are a system of behavioral rules based on both empathy and morality and is designed to address specific possible situations. While morality is a set of general philosophical codes of right and wrong, of justice and of social order. Thus murder is immoral, but sometimes killing another person can be ethically acceptable, such as in the case of self-defense against someone who is a clear and immediate threat to one's life. Then, we can say that it must be our natural ability to comprehend what another person experiences, to grasp how we would feel in the same situation. That is the foundation. We would not want someone kill us, so we can appreciate that others would not want us to kill them. From this the moral code is constructed, in large part due to all the other things we are taught as we develop intellectually.
Essentially, a person must understand that there is a greater and more personal advantage to being ethical and moral than just improving society. When one chooses to behave in accordance with his or her code of ethics and morality, a code that values peace, respect and logical order, then one finds himself or herself avoiding many problems and dangers. Being an ethical and moral person means that one can enjoy a quality of life that would not be possible otherwise. Even when no other person behaves as a human one who refuses to degrade himself or herself, one who chooses to behave as a human ought to, can take comfort in knowing that he/she is exercising the true human potential. It is much better to be a good person and so earn the trust and respect of others than to behave immorally and earn the disdain and disrespect of others. When one behaves morally one can hold his/her head upright and take pride in exercising superiority over the primitive animal urges and tendencies, a superiority afforded by the nature of being human.
From the chapter on honor:
There are essentially two kinds of honor any person holds. The first is “interpersonal honor” in which a person's level of honor is relevant to his or her interactions with others on a daily basis. A person might consider you more honorable if you have been a good friend to him or her. But it is important to note that one's honor is not affected by insults. That is to say that your honor does not in any way depend on a person calling you, for example, a “bitch” or calling your friend or mate such a name. On the contrary, a person who is attempting to antagonize a person by calling another names is in fact damaging his or her own honor by doing so. The second kind of honor is “social honor” in which a person is considered by the society to be of a certain level of honor based on the individual's value to the society. For example, an ordinary person is considered to be of standard honor, while a scientist, doctor, politician or judge is considered to be “honorable” (as an elevated status) and thus is given that title.
While both types of honor are affected by a person's actions, behaviors, achievements and contributions, the interpersonal type will vary among the people one associates with. Whereas, the social type is less movable and depends more on the person's position and accomplishments as recognized by the society. The importance of honor in the society is that one's treatment by others and the society as a whole is dependent upon one's honor. A dishonorable person receives less respect and is often shunned by others. A person should therefore wish to avoid the loss of his or her honor. Meanwhile, those who improve our society are rewarded with a higher regard by the society and the people within.
© 2015, Joshua Michail
   

17 March, 2015

To Make A Better World - Excerpt #4


Here is yet another sneak peek at my new book -- To Make A Better World, which will be published soon. I hope you enjoy this, the fourth excerpt teaser. This chapter, though brief, deals with the ideas and desires nearly everyone has in finding meaning in their lives. Because the chapter is short the excerpt is also short, after-all, I'm not giving my book away. Please feel free to share this link with your friends, and let me know any thoughts you have, thanks.

FROM: To Make A Better World; The handbook for good secular living in the modern era.
by Joshua Michail 

Excerpt #4, from: the chapter "Living in a Meaningful Way".


We who refuse to accept an imagined afterlife can actually find some comfort nonetheless. One must accept that one's death is inevitable and so that fact should not be allowed to be a source of anxiety. I have long said “there is no reason to worry, if you can do something about it, then do it. And if there's nothing you can do, then don't waste your time worrying!” The fact that we die is immutable, and so the only questions of worth pertaining to our death are how, what, when, where and why. One's life and how much use one made of it is all that really matters in this regard. Did one take the time to enjoy being alive? What did one do with his/her life? Did one make the most of being alive? Did one enrich in some manner the lives of others?
Many religious people ask how does an atheist find meaning in life. The answer is actually quite simple. It is in all the ways any human finds meaning, except, of course, worship of and devotion to the alleged supernatural. We find meaning in our relationships with our families and friends. We find meaning in scientific and philosophical pursuit of knowledge. We also find meaning in helping others, in doing what we can for the greater good of society and humanity, or at least in making a beneficent impact on some people. We may find some comfort in understanding that our life, while of limited time, is an extremely complex expression of the materials of the universe. We are stardust, as it were. All of the organic compounds, in our bodies and elsewhere, are based on carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and many other chemical elements which were created in the stars in the course of their lives. The stars are our creators in a sense, though not intentionally. When the many stars that once existed had died out in explosions the materials that we – and everything we know of – are made of were expelled. This process seeded the universe with rich complex elements. The very elements necessary for life to arise. We are the product of a great universal recycling program.
Yet people still desire some form of ritual, it comforts them. This is an aspect that religions have long offered. It has been one among a few key principles that has really been the glue that has stuck people to religion as believers. In this manner, I think that there are similar secular opportunities. I've heard the tired arguments about comfort in times of pain and loss and about the meaning of one's life, or “purpose”, and on and on in this vein. It is my opinion that these questions can be answered very well by philosophy without the need to invoke supernaturalism. So in response to the tired and sarcastic rhetoric about “Do atheists cry at funerals?”, the answer is yes, of course, after all we are human! But what would an atheist funeral look like then? This is an honest, albeit a naive query. I think that there is a powerful need that we naturally seek at such a time. An atheist's funeral may well include listening to some of the deceased person's favorite music, it would likely include eulogies given by friends and family, a review of the person's life, perhaps even the reading of some of the deceased person's favorite relevant quotations or poetry. A wake is a good possibility, after all wouldn't one want one's friends and family to celebrate, not one's death but one's life? I quite like the thought of my friends and family bonding over reminiscence of their memories of me, and in the process they can help each other in their grief. Wakes are not an ordinary party, they are a tribute to the one who is deceased. In what way does this seem to be so strange compared to a religious funeral?
The point is that all of those things often happen at funerals anyway, but they never need to invoke the supernatural, myths or consolation prizes. All that is needed is the fulfillment of the human need to say goodbye. In that way the need for ritual, or better yet tradition, is obviously fulfilled. Personally, when it comes time for my funeral I would like those who will gather to listen to some of my favorite music, to give an honest yet respectful account of my life and to read some nice relevant quotes. Two of the particular quotes I will share with you here. First, is from Mark Twain: “I do not fear death. I had been dead for billions and billions of years before I was born, and had not suffered the slightest inconvenience from it.” The second is from Richard Dawkins: “We are going to die, and that makes us the lucky ones. Most people are never going to die because they're never going to be born. The potential people who could have been here in my place, but who will, in fact, never see the light of day outnumber the sand grains of the Sahara. Certainly those unborn ghosts include greater poets than Keats, scientists greater than Newton. We know this because the set of possible people allowed by our DNA so massively outnumbers the set of actual people. In the teeth of these stupefying odds it is you and I, in our ordinariness, that are here. We privileged few who won the lottery of birth, against all odds, how dare we whine at our inevitable return to that prior state from which the vast majority have never stirred!”
 
© 2015, Joshua Michail, all rights reserved.

02 March, 2015

Atheophobia Is Real, But Islamophobia Is Not.

If you want to claim such a thing as "Islamophobia" exists, then you'd better be prepared to admit that there is such a thing as Atheophobia, and that it's a worse problem. There are no nations in which being Muslim is criminal, let alone punishable with death. But, there are many nations in which being an atheist is a "crime", and worse thirteen of them mandate the death penalty for being an atheist. Islamophobia is a myth. Certainly there is racism against Arabs and Persians, but that's not the same as the contrived Islamophobia which is really just a shaming-defense.

There are all too many theocratic nations, both Christian and Islamic. I don't mean "Christian nations", for example, like the US is a Christian nation because the majority of the population happens to be Christian. I mean theocratic nations for which the constitutions and laws specify what is the official religion of the state. But, there are no atheist nations. In fact, in the US atheists are the most hated and mistrusted minority, even more so than Muslims are. Atheophobia is commonplace and culturally not just accepted but even promoted. Often we hear claims such as "atheists are Satanists" or "atheists are immoral", this is despite the fact that atheists are disproportionately under-represented in the prison population. For instance, atheists make up over 16% of the total US population but less than 0.5% of the American prison population.

It is incredibly difficult to honestly argue that there's such a thing as Islamophobia and yet completely ignore the very real Atheophobia. After all, a phobia is an irrational fear, and racism aside, given all the acts of terrorism around the globe it's not entirely irrational to be worried about the well documented violent nature of Islam. However, given the evidence that unlike Christians and Muslims -- whose percents of the total population are proportionately represented in prison, and such comparatively rare instances of violence committed by atheists because of atheism -- it is entirely irrational to worry about atheists allegedly being a threat. Atheophobia is a real problem.

 


© 2015, Joshua Michail

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Religions Poison Relationships

16 February, 2015

Galileo's 451st Birthday.

Yesterday, 15 February, was Galileo Galilei's birthday. He would have turned 451 years old, born in Italy in 1564. He was a physicist, mathematician, philosopher, engineer, and an astronomer most notably. As the "father of modern astronomy" he made great improvements on telescope designs of his time, and during the Renaissance he was one of the most important contributors to the scientific revolution. The Catholic Inquisition sentenced him to spend the rest of his life under house arrest, never allowed to leave his home, because he correctly stated that the Earth orbits the sun. All things considered, he got off light on his unjust punishment since so many people were tortured to death. It only took the Catholic church 400 plus years to finally admit that he was right and they were wrong only in imprisoning him.




06 January, 2015

Is Voting A Right Or A Civic Duty?

While a couple of the points presented in the picture below are debatable, most are solid. We must understand that it's not as if the voters really wobble between being conservative and liberal so often. Rather, in the last elections many Democrats failed to turn out and vote. Some of that failure to vote was the result of Republicans trying to create obstacles to voters who would be more affected, like Democrats. Some of the failure was also many Democrats who felt that it was pointless. Often the media, much of which is actually quite conservative (I mean the news outlets) promote a narrative that we should expect Republicans to win. Many Democrat voters bought into that, combined with the fallacious idea that the midterm elections are somehow less important.

Image is from: Janis Ian's Facebook page.

There is also the fallacious narrative that supposedly all politicians are bad, Republican and Democrat, alike. The fact is there are many bad politicians. There many Democrats who are less than ideal. But, when you vote for the "lesser of two evils" you are setting the stage for greater chances of success when you then appeal to those politicians to get important things done. Additionally, you should know that a smaller percent of Democrat politicians than Republican politicians are bad. On top of that, most of those Democrats that are bad tend to be less bad than the Republicans who are bad. So, ultimately, even if you feel that Democrats are as bad as Republicans, you should know they really aren't "as bad".

With that, you should also know that elections depend on numbers. Statistically Democrats significantly outnumber Republicans across the nation. If every Democrat voter voted and every Republican voter voted, the outcome would be decidedly in favor of Democrats, overall. And, while in certain districts it's true that the balance can be quite in favor of Republicans, if there are more Democrats in office than Republicans it will be harder for Republicans to Gerrymander the districts in their favor. In future elections those districts would shift to favor Democrats.

Image from: Vocal Progressives's Facebook page.

Voting is not so much a privilege or a "right", as we Americans have long been taught. Rather, voting is a civic duty. As a citizen it is your duty to vote in the elections. As a Democratic-Republican Federation, our nation necessarily depends on the votes of the people. Your country, your state, and your city, all depend on your participation. It is a civic duty to vote because the vote of the people determines the direction of the society, the nation and state. Your failure to vote can negatively affect your neighbor, and yourself, every bit as much as the vote of each conservative. Your failure to vote is telling your neighbor that you will leave her at the mercy of corporations that would rather take the welfare they'd deny her. Your failure to vote is you telling your children that they should not care about their education, because you'll allow conservatives to cut funding to schools. Voting is a civic duty.



Copyright © 2015, Joshua Michail.

09 December, 2014

On Propositions; Perception, Truth, and Belief.

When it comes to propositions, that is claims or statements about the way things are or ought to be, there is some fundamental areas to be understood. First, there is a dualism to reality. There is the physical external objective reality. Things exist the way they are regardless of whether they are observed or not. For instance, the sun was consuming hydrogen in nuclear fusion and emitting light and heat before any person ever existed to be able to describe it.

The other side is our own subjective internal realities. This is the way we see things. It is inherently subjective because we depend on our brains to interpret the signals from our nerve endings, our eyes and ears, etc. in order to sense the world around us. It is possible for a person to have a misunderstanding of some thing because of a fault somewhere with that person. For example, a color-blind person cannot see the color red, so many cities put a small blue light emitter inside the red light at traffic intersections because that most color-blind people can see. In this way sometimes our understanding of the world around us can become flawed. This is one thing that must be understood when discussing beliefs, perception and reality.

Another way that what we believe can be wrong is other beliefs affecting them. A religious person may be a creationist because they believe in their god. To the creationist the idea of accepting evolution as the fact that it is would undermine what they believe about their god, that the Bible stories are supposedly true. More precisely, that the Bible or the Qur'an is the literal "word of god". This is intellectual dishonesty, rather than physiological flaw. The creationist rejects evidence because he or she wishes to preserve his or her beliefs.


So, the internal reality, our individual belief about the way things are can differ wildly from each other. Sometimes several different views are correct, sometimes one is and others are not, and sometimes none are correct. Also sometimes there is also no real right or wrong, as is the case for preferences or tastes. These are even more subjective. If I say I believe mint chocolate chip is the best flavor of icecream, you may disagree, but neither of us is wrong. But, regarding the belief of most that the traffic light is red, and the belief of color-blind people that the traffic light is blue, both are correct. In the case of many traffic lights, since a blue light emitter is placed in the center of the red light emitter, both colors are being emitted. Both very different internal realities of different people are accurate to the objective external reality. The only thing is most people are unaware that there is a blue light emitter also there, because the blue emitter is smaller and centered inside the larger red emitter. To the color-blind person it looks like a less saturated blue light than it would if the blue emitter were alone, because the red light emitter is emitting light that looks white to them.

© 2014, Joshua Michail

06 November, 2014

Offended That Others Find Your Offensiveness Offensive?

So, recently a group of Native Americans complained that a professional football team, by the name of Washington Redskins, is racist. The team's logo is a stereotype caricature of Native Americans, the name is also a racial slur. The historical evidence of this is well-known. And yet, apparently, the team's owners have decided that they feel offended that their offensive name and logo is causing the people they mock to be offended. It's completely ridiculous, of course.

I really hope the team loses their lawsuit against the Native Americans. Could you imagine every time the team plays a game, is mentioned by anyone, or someone displays the name and logo on a shirt or bumper sticker you see a plainly racist slur against you? Even worse still, so many people treat that racism as if it's normal, acceptable and even something to be celebrated. The fact is Native Americans are a small minority and the majority is telling them to "just get over it!" I wonder if they'd sue black people if they complained about how offensive the name is if the team were calling themselves the Washington Negroes? What if the team were the Washington Hebes, and their logo was an old stereotype caricature of supposedly miserly Jews? Would the team suddenly become racist if it were the Washington Slant Eyes and their logo was stereotype of some Chinese guy with a pointy hat eating rice?

It's obviously racist. You don't have to be a genius to know that tradition is not a valid excuse for continuing the racism. And yet, the common defense employed is "but it's tradition". Slavery, too, was once "tradition", and yet we managed to get rid of that. Some traditions do not deserve to be maintained. One must be either incredibly callous or incredibly dumb, or both, if they don't accept that the team's name and logo are racist. It is an example of privilegism to sue people who find your racist stereotype of them to be offensive. What the Washington team is doing is trying to protect their belief that their branding is more important to their profits than the negative effects it has on an entire ethnic group. The only purpose the continued use of such an archaic and uncivilized racial insult serves is to retain dominance of a majority over another ethnic group. Our society needs to change this attitude, now!

Washington Redskins Sues Native Americans - Sports Illustrated

28 October, 2014

A Little Game of Spot The Fallacy.

There's a game I like to play called "spot the fallacies".

1. Ad Populum. The appeal to popularity occurs in the first sentence of the post, "8 out of 10 atheists will convert." Oh well, if so many others are doing it, it must be true! By the way, there is a funny British panel show called "8 Out of 10 Cats". You all should look it up on YouTube.

2. Anecdotal evidence. For some reason it seems that anecdotal stories are quite compelling among Christians. Of course, the story proves absolutely nothing. Anyone can tell a story. "A priest and an atheist were sitting in a restaurant . . . when a meteor smashed into the building killing the priest but not the atheist. So, clearly, it's better to be an atheist!" Makes perfect sense, doesn't it?

3. Ad Hominem. "The atheist looks angrily at the priest and says smugly, "I can't believe how dumb you are!" Of course, if you want to slander one side the favored approach is to paint them as hostile, and rude, and arrogant. Why can't the atheist have not looked angrily and not smugly say "so, why don't you accept the evidence for evolution?" Oh, that would be more reasonable and would not reinforce the stereotype religious people enjoy believing about atheists.

4. Strawman. The story suggests that atheists "believe" in evolution, as if it were a religion requiring faith. The story also sets up a misrepresentation of the evidence for evolution just so the story teller can easily win. For some reason creationists always seem to fail when they try to argue against the actual position of evolution by natural selection. Perhaps because dinosaur fossils are not the totality of the evidence, by a long shot.

5. Extended Analogy. Chicken Nuggets are not very much like either rocks or dinosaur fossils. For that matter, dinosaur fossils are not mere rocks. Rocks are molten minerals that have cooled and thus solidified. While fossils are the result of a long process of minerals deposits that occupy cells and replace each, in organic matter. In any event, there is much more science involved in determining if something is a fossil than merely looking at it and saying "gee this looks vaguely like another thing, so it must be it." But, the analogy suggests that dinosaur fossils are rocks that merely look like parts of an animal.

6. Tu Quoque
(Latin for "you too"). This is the fallacy of excusing one's own errors by invoking the errors of one's opponent. You've heard the saying "two wrongs don't make a right"? The story has the priest saying "Now, you atheists make fun of us Christians when we see Jesus in our pancakes . . ." In no way does this attempt to excuse one side's errors by pointing to the other sides errors make any sense, logically speaking. It simply is irrelevant, and it's not any kind of evidence or refutation.

7. Appeal to Emotion. Aside from the painting of the opposition as hostile, mean, rude, and arrogant, which is meant to stir dislike in the reader, there is the attempt at the tear-jerker redemption story. All of a sudden the big bad meany realizes he was bad, and begs forgiveness. And, of course, the "good guy" then shows compassion and forgiveness and kindness, so we all know who won, right?



Copyright © 2014, Joshua Michail
All Rights Reserved.

12 October, 2014

Be Good To Each Other, A Sunday Secular Sermon.

How about a sermon for this Sunday? Since I am an ordained minister, and an atheist, I'll offer a secular one. I believe that sermons can be good. They can be motivational, since they are meant to be food for thought. So, I say we should be good to each other. How many of you would consider yourselves to be Humanists?

The nature of the ethical and moral philosophy of Humanism is that we must be concerned about the suffering of all people. The basis for our Humanist morals and ethics is solely the consideration of the well-being of others. Life is too short. There is all too abundant sources of misery, pain, illness and abuse, and all too many of us endure these things. All of us suffer to some degree, from some thing or another. Surely, if we can think of our own struggles, our own suffering, we can understand the need to not cause more for other people? It should be easy for us to think of when we wished for someone to help us in our times of need. And so, it should be easy to realize the need to help others in their times of hardship. But, we also reject the outdated and irrelevant claims to morality that so many religions proclaim to hold. We must question the motivations, effects, and uselessness of such religious claims to morality.

The fact is, religious claims to morality are: a few coincidentally good, most irrelevant and some even quite immoral and harmful. For instance, it's easy for Humanists to agree that murder, theft and lying are immoral acts. The harm these acts cause to humans is well understood. When we are concerned with lessening the suffering of all people, we quickly come to the conclusion that murder, theft and lying are inherently wrong. We can easily understand that they are immoral if you consider deliberately causing suffering to be immoral. But, what about saying that homosexuality is a “sin”? Many religious people believe the simple natural being of someone feeling attraction and love for another person of the same sex and same orientation is supposedly wrong, or immoral. Yet, there is not one singular reason of even slight validity that can be shown to be relevant. Just because you might think it wrong to be gay does not in any way mean that it causes harm to other people. There is simply no tangible evidence, no arguable rationale, no conceivable way to claim that one person's sexual orientation really has anything to do with the suffering of other people.

The best the religious can do is to argue that they believe that gay people will go to hell for being the who they are. But, this requires proof to support the belief. This requires the evidence that no religious person has ever been able to produce in thousands of years. However, it is quite clear, and there is plenty of evidence, to show that acting on this myth-based belief is extraordinarily harmful to humanity. In fact, realizing that religion does harm to people, that it actually causes suffering, a Humanist must be inclined to speak out against it. It is the religion that drives people to oppose so forcefully the equality of rights for people who love each other, but happen to be of the same sex. The religious are motivated by their unfounded and invasive beliefs to fight against people for nothing more than those people not matching the ideal of the religious people. They are instructed by their religion to impose on others against their victims' wills what they think is good, but for which they cannot show a legitimate argument for suffering. And this means the religiously-motivated are actually causing the harm and suffering that we Humanists find immoral. There are, of course, plenty of other examples. But, that should suffice for this point.

I also believe we should consider what morals and ethics have to do with one's honor. Fundamentally, there is honor is doing good. There is also dishonor in doing harm. This means that religiously-motivated people who impose their beliefs, which are not concerned with actual tangible human suffering, they are dishonoring themselves. While those who are only concerned with helping to eliminate suffering, based on tangible and actual evidence, they are motivated honorably. Why do you help people in need? If you do so because you wish to alleviate their suffering, then you are improving your honor. If you do so because you are told to do that, then you do not improve your honor. If you help, but believe you will be rewarded, even in some imagined afterlife, and avoid punishment thereby in that same afterlife, then you do yourself no honor. Such a reason is not selfless, but quite selfish. A desire to gain some reward, like heaven, or even an Earthly reward, cannot be an honorable motivation to help. One can only gain honor by helping others, if one's reason is solely that one understands suffering and wishes to end that suffering for others.

So, I say that we should all be exceptionally kind to each other. Be generous, be respectful, be thoughtful, be helpful, be compassionate, because that is the right thing to do. For there is a bounty of honor, only when you do not deliberately seek such honor. I say help others, because it helps them. Be a Humanist. Be human and humane toward others. Being a Humanist is not merely the honorable thing to do, but it is the human thing to do. One who fails to be a Humanist, is short of being fully human.

Copyright © 2014, Joshua Michail
All Rights Reserved.

29 September, 2014

Conspiracy; The Nature of Beliefs & What They Have to do with Honor.

The terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001 is one of
the most controversial and heated subjects of all
conspiracy stories.
I am going to tell you that the beliefs you hold can affect your honor. I know this may seem odd, but I will explain my position. However, I want to also delve into some other issues regarding beliefs, most specifically on conspiracy “theories”. Recently, a friend of mine shared a link to a video lecture by Rob Brotherton, an Irish psychologist. The title of the lecture is Psychology of Conspiracy Theories [linked], which happens to also be his doctoral thesis. I found the lecture to be quite interesting, and it got me to thinking on the issue, and beyond. It raised a few issues for me that I want to deal with here. One being the problem I take with calling conspiracy stories “theories”, and I believe you can start already to see where I'm going on that point. Another point is about beliefs based on emotional thinking versus beliefs based on evidence.

There is no such thing as a “conspiracy theory”. I know this is a bold statement, but soon you'll see my point. There certainly are people who believe that there are secret plots, by a few allegedly extraordinarily-powerful interests, to take control of the world. And, it's true that sometimes conspiracies occur. Though, you'll never find the truth on sites like Info Wars, or Conspiracy Watch, and from people like Alex Jones and David Icke. In fact, there are some red flags sources like those raise, and alarm bells they sound. For instance, as a general rule, one should be quite suspicious of anyone who insists, without being questioned first, that they are telling you the truth, or that they have a secret that no other has. One should be, rightly, ready to dismiss those who make such ridiculous claims as the conspiracists do. For instance, if it's a secret that some extremely powerful cabal of conspirators would kill to keep silent, then why is the person revealing the secret on media outlets, such as You Tube, or Facebook, spreading these “secrets” for so long with no interference? Why would such secret cabals do what they are being accused of doing, what do they really gain? Why can't they use more reasonable approaches? Why is it taking them so long to accomplish their goals? If they're so powerful and secretive, why is this secret even being talked about by anyone? You get the idea, the list of questions about the story tellers goes on for a long time.

The point, however, about the term “theory” that raises my ire, is that it's not acceptable to use that term for such nonsense. The term “theory” is specifically scientific, and so should be limited to that use. The definition of which is this, Theory (n.): A stated set of ideas that; 1. coherently, 2. explain observed phenomenon, 3. and which is derived from a hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly by different groups who all found the same results. I make this point because there are two main ways people with questionable agendas tend to misuse the word. First, the conspiracy story tellers, who want people to believe there is more veracity to their claims than really exists. After-all, “theory” sounds much more important and intellectual than “story” or “opinion”. The second way that it is misused for a particular agenda is among creationists, who actually use the term in another way. They like to say “theory” as if it means the same thing as “opinion” or “just a guess”. They use the word for such actual scientific theories as Evolution by Natural Selection in the context of their discussion in the hopes that they can discredit the veracity of such science. The common acceptance of people using the term in both ways actually harms the public understanding of science. I suggest, strongly, that everyone starts to call people out on this problem. We owe it to humanity to demand intellectual honesty. We must correct our friends on the misuse of the word “theory”, and this is why I say there is no such thing as a “conspiracy theory”.


To help facilitate this effort, I suggest a few terms that can be used to replace “conspiracy theory” and “conspiracy theorist”. So, one who proposes, endorses, or spreads conspiracy stories is a “conspiracist”. This term should not be confused with “conspirator”, which is one who conspires to commit whatever the story alleges. For instance, in Jenny McCarthy's endorsement of the false story that vaccines cause autism she, by extension, endorses also the claim that governments and doctors are conspirators attempting to keep their “conspiracy” a secret. In this sense Jenny McCarthy is a conspiracist, because she is spreading the conspiracy story that vaccines allegedly cause autism. It should be noted, by the way, that the original article making the claim was scientifically discredited and the publisher retracted the article, though the doctor who initially made the claim sticks to it, even after his medical license was revoked. Further, “conspiracism” is the term I use to describe the attitude or belief that conspiracy stories have some legitimate footing for consideration and deserve to be taken seriously. More specifically, I'd say conspiracism is an undue and excessive willingness to believe, or accept as plausible, such conspiracy stories.

In the lecture that inspired me to write this essay, Rob Brotherton discussed the psychology of conspiracy stories. I find psychology to be an astoundingly interesting subject, but I'll try to keep this discussion short since we all have busy lives. Among the particular issues discussed in the lecture were the personality traits of people who believe conspiracy stories. Some research has been done which indicates the possibility that people who believe one conspiracy story also tend to believe many other conspiracy stories. Additionally, there tends to be a sense of powerlessness in the world on the part of the person who believes such stories. The typical conspiracy story narrative is a perception that some evil and extraordinarily-powerful group is responsible for the bad things that happen in the world. Rob Brotherton defines conspiracy “theories” as: (1) “an unsubstantiated allegation of conspiracy (2) pertaining to events of profound importance, (3) competing with a more plausible explanation (4) which assumes deception and misinformation [from the alleged conspirators], and (5) presumes malicious intent and hyper-competence, and (6) insulates the idea against correction”.


Moreover, there are some distinctive personality traits that are often quite evident. For one thing, most people who believe such conspiracy stories tend to be extraordinarily open to unusual ideas and are more willing to accept the stories that seem compelling to them. Additionally, believers of conspiracy stories tend to be mildly, or more, paranoid than most. They also tend to have quite a bit of bias. There's Projection Bias, in which a person presumes that most others think and behave like he/she does. Michael Shermer calls another bias “Patternicity”, which is an ability that most people have to see meaning in random stimuli. Though for the religious and many conspiracists this trait is more noticeable and usually not considered by the person who believes such things. A very common bias among conspiracists is Proportionality, they often believe that major events must have major players, such as the John F Kennedy assassination. Conspiracists often insist that because Kennedy was an important man the assassin must have been involved in a conspiracy that must have been far bigger than a lone mentally disturbed gunman. But, perhaps the most powerful and intractable bias is Confirmation Bias. People who believe in conspiracy stories usually ignore and reject evidence that does not support their existing beliefs but willingly and quickly accept anything they can perceive as supporting their presumptions.

One more very interesting point that I want to discuss is the difference between emotionally based beliefs and evidence based beliefs. Mr. Brotherton also raised this issue in the video lecture. And, as promised, here is where I'll begin discussing how one's beliefs can affect one's honor. Now, for Mr. Brotherton's sake I will state that he never mentioned honor. Rather, he talked about how in debating with someone evidence-based arguments will not be effective if that person formed his/her belief through emotions. You see, there are two basic ways people form opinions, or beliefs. One is through being presented evidence and logical arguments. The other is through appeals to emotions. Obviously the problem with emotionally-based beliefs is that they are not formed through critical examination of evidence. So emotionally-based opinions or beliefs tend, all too often, to not reflect anything resembling reality. Fundamentally there can be no honor in holding beliefs that are wishful thinking, that are discordant with reality.

But, worse still, some beliefs can be actually quite dishonorable. In fact, when one holds a belief that can motivate one to do harm, or to advocate others to do harm to themselves. And since there is no honor in ignorance, one cannot expect that being ignorant of the facts can excuse the dishonor one does to one's self by such dangerous beliefs. Such examples, sadly, exist. When someone like Jenny McCarthy tells parents to not vaccinate their children, she is actively giving medical advice. The problem in this sense is that she is nothing like a qualified doctor. This is a highly dishonorable thing to do. In fact, I will tell you this is the fundamental reason I say Jenny McCarthy is without honor. She has chosen to accept the already discredited claims against vaccinations, and she lends her cheapened celebrity status to support a most ridiculous conspiracy story. Her activism against vaccinations is, in plain fact, actively encouraging parents to harm their children. And, for this, there is no excuse. She has thrown away whatever degree of honor she might have had by holding fast to her beloved conspiracy fantasy.



Copyright © 2014, Joshua Michail
All Rights Reserved.